An official guide for Docker for Windows could be found here
Docker for Windows requires Windows 10 Pro or Enterprise version 1586/2016 RTM.
You may only able to install Docker Toolbox on Windows instead.
Going to the instruction page, click 'Get Docker Toolbox for Windows', you will download a installer. You are supposed to install Docker and VirtualBox during this wizard.
Click 'Docker Quickstart Terminal', you should able to start a bash session. Close it, click virtual box. You may find there is one virtual machine is in running. Close this machine, update the maximum base memory.
Click the 'Docker Quickstart Terminal' and your docker is ready.
You may meet message as follow:
Error with pre-create check: "This computer is running Hyper-V. VirtualBox won't boot a 64bits VM when Hyper-V is activated. Either use Hyper-V as a driver, or disable the Hyper-V hypervisor. (To skip this check, use --virtualbox-no-vtx-check)
You can’t run VirtualBox on a Hyper-V enabled system. Hyper-V is a tier-1 hypervisor, which doesn’t accept other hypervisors (from here)